2022年《英语学科知识与能力（高级中学）》考前押题卷2

题量：33题

题型：单选题, 问答题, 不定项选择题

试卷简介: 2022年《英语学科知识与能力（高级中学）》考前押题卷2, 此试卷为参加"英语学科知识与教学能力【中学】"的考生提供的"2022年《英语学科知识与能力（高级中学）》考前押题卷2"的答案和解析。

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1 多选题 2分

Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．

By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to__________．查看材料

A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics ofinfluentials

2 多选题 2分

Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．

The author suggests that the"two-step flow theory"__________．查看材料

A.serves as a solution to marketing problems
B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends
C.has won support from influentials
D.requires solid evidence for its validity

3 多选题 2分

Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．

What the researchers have observed recently shows that__________．查看材料

A.the power of influence goes with social interactions
B.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media
C.influentials have more channels to reach the public
D.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention

4 多选题 2分

Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．

The underlined phrase"these people"in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who__________．查看材料

A.stay outside the network of social influence
B.have little contact with the source of influence
C.are influenced and then influence others
D.are influenced by the initial influential

5 多选题 2分

Passage 1
As regards social conventions,we must say a word about the well-known English class system.This is an embarrassing subject for English people,and one they tend to be ashamed of,though?during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less,and the class system less?rigid.But it still exists below the surface.Broadly speaking,it means there are two classes,the"middle class"and the"working class".(We shall ignore for a moment the old"upper class",including the hereditary aristocracy,since it is extremely small in numbers;but some of its members?have the right to sit in the House of Lords,and some newspapers take surprising interest in their?private life.)The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of?all kinds.The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent.Middle-class people use slightly?varying kinds of"received pronunciation"which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers?and taught to overseas pupils.Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents?which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated.One of the biggest barriers of social?equality in England is the two-class education system.To have been to a so-called"public school"immediately marks you out as one of the middle class.The middle classes tend to live a more formal?life than working-class people,and are usually more cultured.Their midday meal is"lunch"and?they have a rather formal evening meal called"dinner",whereas the working man′s dinner,if his?working hours permit,is at midday,and his smaller,late-evening meal is called supper.
As we have said,however,the class system is much less rigid than it was,and for a long time it?has been government policy to reduce class distinctions.Working-class students very commonly?receive a university education and enter the professions,and working-class incomes have grown so?much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear.However,regardless of one′s social status,certain standards of politeness are expected of?everybody,and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets,and treats a laborer with the same?respect he gives an important businessman.Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike.Even?the word"sir",except in school and in certain occupations(e.g.commerce,the army,etc.)sounds?too servile to be commonly used.

The middle class mainly refers to people__________.查看材料

A.who were born as aristocrat
B.who have the right to sit in the House of Lords
C.who speak in many different local accents
D.who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions

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