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In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.
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第二篇Harmless RevengeRevenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys.People don't like to talk about it,though.Just thesame,there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge.The purpose is not to harm your vic-tims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you.Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome co-workers,gossiping friends,or nagging family members.Co-workers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply.All you have to do is get up extra early one day.Before the sun comes up,drive to each coworker's house.Reach under the hood of your coworker's car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap,the car will be unharmed,but it will not start,and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day.If you're lucky,your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise.Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge.A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave phony messages on their lockers.If the friend that you want to get is male,leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that day.With any luck,her boyfriend will be there.The girl won't know what's going on,and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably won't leave his home for a month.When Mom and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you,harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet down for a while.The dinner table is a likely place.Just before the meal begins,throw a handful of raisins into the food.Wait about five minutes and,after everyone has begun to eat,cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises.When they ask you what the matter is, point to a raisin and yell,"Bugs!"They dump their food in the disposal,jump into the car,and head for McDonald'a.That night,you'll have your first quiet,peaceful meal in a long time.A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt anyone.The object is simply to let other people know thatthey are beginning to bother you. The main topic of the passage is how to
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第三篇On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished.The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery.People suspected that"Lucky",as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed.It appears that the night after the murder,"Lucky"borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.Another version of events says that"Lucky"left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France.He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country.However, after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan Mac Laiwhlin.a former detective.He believes that Lucan traveled to Goa,India,where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin,an ex-school teacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one.
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Ear BreakthroughNew research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understand-ing of how the ear works,giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.The latest research,conducted by Dr. T. Albet,a Deafness Research UK research fel-low at the UCL Ear Institute,together with scientists at the University of Cologne,shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the senso- ry（感觉的）cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates（脊椎动物）including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.Dr. Albert says.“The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing.We may be allowed to hope that these mecha- nistic（机械学的）similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about hearing.But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different mole-cules than does hearing in humans,the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key ques-tions of hearing research and -what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questions.”The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK,the country's only medical research charity for deaf people.Vivienne Michael,chief executive of Deafness Research UK.says,“This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness.The charity will continue to support culling-edge（尖端的）research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI.Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of secu-ring audial improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impair-ment.”There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as“hair” cells.The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing,noise,genetic defects and certain drugs and,because the cells don't re- generate,the result is progressive— and irreversible—hearing loss .Damage to these cells can al-so lead to tinnitus（耳鸣）,which affects around five million people in the UK. Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells_______.
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第三篇On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished.The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery.People suspected that"Lucky",as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed.It appears that the night after the murder,"Lucky"borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.Another version of events says that"Lucky"left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France.He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country.However, after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan Mac Laiwhlin.a former detective.He believes that Lucan traveled to Goa,India,where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin,an ex-school teacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one. The public are still interested in the investigation because________.
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Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.______(51)some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to localpeople,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,______(52)increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to______(53)outsiders to improve local facilities.______(54)the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,______(55)South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,it is not______(56)that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at least______(57) money in the Middle East as they can in their own country,and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.______(58),the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other______(59)safety and comfort.______(60),many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly______(61)the lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions______(62)problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which______(63)migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract,so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.______(64),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,because of the ______(65)financial benefits which they receive. 60._________
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Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their PracticeThe results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next 1 to 3 years.The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do.The survey,which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins&Associates,a Texas-based physician search and consulting firm,suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the chan- ges that have taken place in medicine over the years."When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged .But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out."Mark Smith,executive vice president of Merritt Hawkins&Associates,said in a state-ment."Our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans of physicians in the 50-65 age group."This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U.S. If they stop working in the coming years,it will have a"significant impact"on the overall supply of physicians,Smith told Reuters Health.The results of the survey ,which included 1,170 respondents（调查对象）,show that 24 per-cent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice all together in the next 1 to 3 years. Specifically,14 percent said they were planning on retiring,7 percent said they were looking for a medical job a non-patient care setting,and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medi-cal field.For those physicians not leaving clinical practice,many said they would make changes to re- duce the number of patients they treat. For instance,12 percent said they would begin working part-time,8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load,and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis.When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today,68 percent of the re-spondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 to 30 years ago.Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children.Similarly,44 percent said they would not select medicine as a career if they were starting out today." The most ominous（不祥的）finding is that about one half of physicians surveyed plant to ei-ther abandon patient care in the next 1 to 3 years,or significantly reduce the number of patients they see."Smith said."The U .S.already is facing a widespread shortage of physicians,should ol- der,‘workhorse’physicians choose to opt out of patient care access to medical services will be fur-ther restricted." The survey was focused on______.
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第一篇Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?Earlier this year,the American College of Surgeons,the national scientific and educational organizationof surgeons,conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to re- searching his or her surgery or surgeon.While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation,they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.In fact,more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the cre- dentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on average,about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their sur -geons or primary care doctors,whoever those individuals happen to be.I felt curious about the survey,so I called Dr. Thomas Russell,executive director of the American College of Surgeons."There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel com-pelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,"he told me.There are consequences to that kind of blind trust."Today,medicine and surgery are really team sports,"Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient,as the ultimate decision-maker,is the most important mem- ber of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and must understand what isgoing on."In other words,a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and re-sponsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationshipeducated about their doctors,their illnesses and their treatment."If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.,"Dr. Russell said,"everybody hasto participate actively and must educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health careprofessionals , lawyers , pharmaceutical（制药的）companies , and insurance companies. But most of all , it means the patient."Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon,who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship__________.
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