卫生C
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第一篇U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day,yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day."It's important for people to eat less salt.People who adopt a heart一healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium（钠）and rich in potassium（钾）and calcium（钙）can improve their blood pressure,"Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake （摄入量）,"Labarthe said.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一who are considered as high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005-
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Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate." It can be inferred from this passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to______.
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Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how impor-tant it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let',have a look at what life was like 100 yearsago.Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn'I live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases,especially rickets（佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents.if you had lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children) orworking with your dad by now.
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A Health ProfileA health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health.To draw your health profile, you will______(51)what diseases run in your family,what health hazards you may be exposed to ______(52)work,how your daily______(53)compares to the recommended standards,how much time per week you______(54)exercising and what type of exercise you engage______(55),how stressful your work and family environments are,what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and______(56) or not you have any one of a number of addictions.______(57)this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood,heart,and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve______(58)a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests.______(59)this profile is thoroughly drawn,you can begin to think about setting health priorities based______(60)your particular portrait.For example,if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress______(61),are overweight,smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasional-ly on weekends,you should quit smoking first,followed______(62)losing the excess weight,reducing the stress of your job,giving up your marijuana habit,and then finally giving some______(63)to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer,and then heart disease.Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is______(64)excellent health,agood look at allhealth habits and at work and home environments may suggest.changes that will______(65)him in the future. 59._________
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Common-cold SenseYou can't beat it,but you don't have to join it.Maybe it got the name"common cold"because it's more common in winter.The fact is,though,being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses,and,at least so far,medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year.Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents?Simple.They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses,and you never have the same one twice.being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact,not sneezing or coughing.From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy,although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently,preferably with a disinfectant soap,especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold.So,what works when a coughing,sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins,lots of water,and bed rest is a good place to start.But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying.Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey),lemon,and water have real benefits. When one is having a cold,he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT______.
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