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[单选题]Income tax【个人所得税】
For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register one's annual earnings with the US government.
That last item is the law, though sometimes it's a hassle(难事)to obey.
Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system "amazingly complicated". But he adds that "very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers". According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the system's complications.
Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilbert's. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents' lead when filling their income forms.
"Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so," said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.
"On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick 'refund' with the help of a tax advisor".
In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.
Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.
Thalman called the whole process a "hassle", but added that he didn't wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers.
"I'm worried about what would happen if I failed to file," he said. "I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and he's now in federal prison. I certainly don’t want that."
文章(16~22)
A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.
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Interior DesignAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be________(51)in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes________(52)when we realize how much time we ________(53)surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be________(54)attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect________(55) place to be appropriate to its use.You would be________(56)if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look________(57)the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn't feel________ (58)in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic________(59)is the function of the particular________(60).For example,a theater with poor sight lines,poor sound-shaping qualities,and________(61)a few entries and exits will not work for________(62)purpose,no matter how beautifully it might be________(63).Nevertheless,for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of________(64).He or she must coordinate theshapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.________(65)addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design build-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served. _________(62)
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Racial PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute,violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences,and this is not even questioned.There are countries________(51)the white man imposes his rule by brute（粗暴的）force ; there are countries where the black man protests by______ (52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging（抢劫）.Important people on both sides , who would appear to be reasonable men , get up and calmly argue in ___________( 53 ) of violence as if it were a legitimate（合法的） solution,________(54)any other. What is really frightening,what really________(55)you with despair,isthe realization that when it comes to the crunch（关键时刻）,we have made no actual_________ (56) at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint,but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded_________(57)of the human race,that tedious documentation of violence,has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that__________(58)never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror,the bloodshed and the suffering___________(59)nothing. No solution ever comes to ___________(60)the morning after we dismally（阴郁地）contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who___________(61)where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised,mistrusted and even persecuted___________(62)their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. if half the energy that goes into_________(63)acts was put to good use,if our efforts were directed at. _________(64)up the slums and ghettos（贫民窟）,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we wouldnot have gone a long way to___________(65)at a solution. _________(59)
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Man of Few WordsEveryone chases success,but not all of us want to be famous.South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is______(51)for keeping to himself.When the 63-year-old man was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature,reporters were warned that they would find him"particularly difficult to______（52)".Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago.He seemed ______(53)by the news that he won the US $1.3 million prize."It came as a complete surprise.I wasn't even aware they were due to make the announcement,"he said.His_______(54)of privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend prize-giving in Stockholm, Sweden,on December 10.But despite being described as_______(55)to track down,the critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know.Born in Cape Town,South Africa,to an English-speaking family,Coetzee______(56)his break- through in 1980 with the novel"Waiting for the Barbarians".He_______(57)his place among the wor1d's leading writers with two Booker prize victories,Britain's highest honour for novels.He first _______(58)in 1983 for the Life and Times of Michael K and his second title came in 1999 for Disgrace.A major theme in his work is South Africa's former apartheid system,which divided whites from blacks. _______(59)with the problems of violence,crime and racial division that still exist in the country,his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid_______(60)within."I have always been more interested in the past than the future,"he said in a rare interview."The past_______(61)its shadow over the present.I hope I have made one or two people think _______(62)about whether they want to forget the past completely."In fact,this purity in his writing seems to be______(63)in his personal life.Coetzee is a vegetarian,a cyclist rather than a motorist and he doesn't drink alcohol.But what he has______(64)to literature,culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up."In looking at weakness and failure in life,"the Noble prize judging panel said,"Coetzee's work_______(65)the divine spark in man." 65._________
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Kate and William's Royal Honeymoon to the SeychellesThe newly minted Duke and Duchess of Cambridge,a. k.a. Prince William and the former Kate Middleton,hopped a private jet Monday for the Seychelles,arriving early Tuesday for a 10-day royalhoneymoon getaway.After landing at the Indian Ocean destination's main airport on Mahe around 7:20 a.m.,a Seychelles tourism official confirmed,they were taken by helicopter to a private island where they willhole up in a private bungalow,the Telegraph said.The islands up for private hire typically include a top chef and staff,according to the Daily Mirror,which quoted a"royal insider"as saying the couple had"slipped out of the country very quietly,they didn't want a fuss."The couple in 2007 visited Desroches Island,indulging in snorkeling and more on one of the Seychelles' 115 islands,People Magazine noted.That trip happened after the two had broken up andgotten back together.Rather than jetting off for their honeymoon immediately after their April 29 wedding,William had gone back to work and Kate was seen shopping for groceries.Their private weekend at home coincided with the U.S.decision to pursue Osama bin Laden with a special-forces raid into Pakistan,though a Buckingham Palace spokesman told the Daily Mail that the honeymoon delay was unrelated and that the couple had made the decision to delay weeks in advance. Their honeymoon started immediately after the wedding.
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Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history,not because they were bigger,but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions.Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals,but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock.To his surprise,the older the massive volcanic eruptions were,the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the"killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava（熔岩）that they produced.He found that size for size,older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian（二叠纪）extinction,for example,which happened 250 million years ago,is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe.Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide.The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera（种类）at the time,and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover.Yet 60 million years ago,there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction.Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousand of years."The most recent ones hardlyhave an effect at all,"Wignall says.He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid（小行星）.He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO
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第一篇Goal of American EducationEducation is an enormous and expensive part of American life.Its size is matched by its variety.Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone一not just for a privileged elite.Schools are ex- pected to meet the needs of every child,regardless of ability,and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects.It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing,sewing,radio repair,computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics,history,and languages.Students choose their curricula depending on their interests,future goals,and level of ability. The underlying goal of American edu-cation is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities,and to give each one a sense ofcivic and community consciousness.Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and"Americanizing"the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community,especially in the small towns.The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many,not only because it is informal,but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts.Instead,Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities.Students spend much time,learning how to use resource materials,libraries,statistics and computers.Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well,they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives.Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation offacts.This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time:"How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neitherpredict nor understand?" It is implied in the passage that_________.
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Have You Filled up the Form?Of all things in the world,I most dislike filling up forms;in fact,I have a________(51)horror of it. Applying for a driving license,________(52)for an evening course,booking a holiday abroad一everything nowadays seem to involve________(53)information about one's personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter________(54)hand.When applying for a job,it may be________(55)some obscure interest to a________(56)employer to learn that I collect stamp or had measles as a child,but why should he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist who died in 1988?The authorities who________(57)one to fill up forms,frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put________(58)one's intimate friends.The worst of it is that, when________(59)with such questions,my mind goes blank.Have I ever suffered from a serious illness?My mother always assured me I was"delicate".Do I suffer from any personal defects? Well,I wear contact lenses and my upper teeth are not my own,but perhaps the word"defects"________(60)to my character. Am I supposed to________(61)that I like gambling,and find it difficult to get up in the morning?Both of them are true.Of all,I think job applications are the worst,education,previous experience,post held,give________(62)…Terrified by the awful warning about giving false________(63)which appear atthe bottom of the form,I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms.________(64)hard I try,there always seems to be a year or two for which I cannot satisfactorily account and which I am certain,if left________(65),will give the impression that I was in prison or engaged in some occupation too dubious to mention. _________(52)
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第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea,
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