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Smartphone Customers up for GrabAbout 10 years ago I met an advertising executive in New York who explained the difficulty of advertising a new brand of deodorant（除臭剂）to consumers."Most people never change their deodorant,"I remember him saying."They pick one brand when they are young,and stick with it for a long,long time.If it works,why switch?"The same theory can be applied_______(46)Once they have picked a type of phone,whether it's Apple iOS,Google Android or something else,it's difficult,and often expensive,to switch? Consumers become comfortable with the interface and design of the phone and the apps they have purchased on that platform._______(47)That is why the race to pull in smartphone buyers is going to be especially severe over the next 18 to 24 months._______(48)there are still hundreds of millions of mobile phone owners around the world who have yet to move from a standard mobile or feature phone to its smarter,more intelligent big brother:the smartphone.Yet the change is happening at a much quicker pace than technology analysts and companies originally theorized.A report issued this week by Nielsen,the market research firm,found that among Americans_______(49)55 percent opted for a smartphone.This is up from 34 percent a year ago.At this point,who will lead that market is not up for debate.Android has been growing at a pace no one could have imagined,even Google.The company said this week that it now activates more than 500,000 Android devices each day.Mr. llamas said Apple,which changed the smartphone game in 2007 when it introduced the iPhone,potentially has a ceiling with consumers as its mobile phone is often more expensive than those of its competitors.Although millions of customers flock to Apple products for their beauty,simplicity and powerful brand,many can't afford a new iPhone.This could change_______(50)as some analysts expect. "Right now the iPhone only comes in one flavor;it's not like other Apple products like the iPod where there are several different sizes,shapes and prices,"Mr. Llamas said. ________（49）
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第二篇Japan's Single LadiesIt is estimated that in Tokyo 70% of single working women choose to live with their parents and only 50%of them pay some rent. After graduating from college,these women came back to their nest and never left. With their mothers taking care of them,these young ladies are not in a hurry to get married,since they don't do housework or laundry,or cook.Happily unmarried,these called"parasite single",who have become the focus of the Japanese society,interpret marriage as lower standard of living and less money."The problem is that Japan is very different from the United States or Europe,where after marriage it's still possible for a woman to pursue a career,even after having a baby.While in Japan usually the husband doesn't want the wife to work," says Mariko Kawana,who is 27 years old and works as a secretary. Her opinion is agreed by Mild Takasu,who carries a $2 ,900 Bubbery purse,and drives a BMW."If a woman realizes there is something she wants to do after having been married,it is almost unlikely for her to come back to it."This is the first significant group of Japanese women to stay single beyond their early twenties. Their lifestyle and opinions define a kind of Tokyo yuppie.In the past 15 years,the number of women who are single into their late twenties has risen to 50%.They are crazy about shopping,and they spend most of their salaries on luxury and leisure.According to a nationwide survey,in 2003 they surprisingly covered 15%share in the total outbound leisure travel market from Japan,so they are targeted by travel agencies as"the office ladies".In 2002,a shopping tour which concentrated only on shopping in Milan attracted 700 Japanese single ladies in two months,featured none of Italy's famous tourist attractions.The participants didn't even try famous Italian food,but grabbed snacks on the run to the outlet shops.Girls like Miki,who are less affected by Japan's economic downturn,can afford this lifestyle because they live with their parents and they have jobs,and most of their incomes are disposable.Opinions on these young women vary.Some people think that they are good for the economy because they spend their incomes on cars and clothes,while a large number of people think they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children. What can we infer from the passage?
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Teaching and LearningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.If a long reading assign- ment is given,instructors expect students to be__________(51)with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or__________(52)an examination.The ideal student is________(53)to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning,not the one interested only in getting high ___________(54).Sometimes homework is returned with brief written____________(55)but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given,the student is___________(56)for learning the material assigned. When research is_________(57),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum___________(58).It is the student's responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to__________(59)how a university library works;they expect students to exhaust the___________(60)resources in the library.Professors will help students who need it,_________(61)prefer that their students should not be too __________(62)on them.In the United States professors have many other___________(63)besides teaching,such as administrative or research work.Therefore,the time that a professor can spend__________(64)a student outside of class is limited. if a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either__________(65)a professor during office hours or make an appointment. _________(63)
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The Ideal HusbandScience now might be able to explain women'S fascination with Brad Pitt'S face and George Clooney's eyes. Women seem to__________(51)potential mate by how masculine their features are,new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges（轮廓清晰的眉骨）are seen as good short-term partners,_______(52)those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are per- ceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US's University of Michigan,854 subjects viewed a series of ___________( 53 ) head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine traits（男性 特征）.They then_________(54)questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were__________(55)to be risky,com- petitive,and more apt to fight,challenge bosses,cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine___________(56)were seen as good parents and husbands,hard workers and emotionally supportive mates.But,despite all the negative characteristics,when asked who they would choose for a short-term rela- tionship,women selected the more masculine_________(57)men.Brad and George,both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows,then would be good fora_________(58)romance,not for something longer.The study was published in the Deqember issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.Kruger said that from an evolutiona叮perspective,this_________(59)sense.The key 15 testosterone（睾丸激素）,the hormone（荷尔蒙）responsible________(60)the development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics.It has been found to affect the body's ability to fight disease:men with high levels of the hormone are typically_______(61)and healthy traits women want to pass on to their children.However,increased testosterone has also been linked to________(62)and violence in relationships.
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Obesity Causes Global WarmingThe list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing. Last week,obese people were accused of causingglobal warming.This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois,US,and a doctoral student,LaUra McLay.Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around.Theanswer,they say,is a billion gallons of gas per year.__________(46)There has been calls for taxes on junk food in recent years.________(47)"We tax cigarettes partlybecause of their health cost,"Schmidt said."Similarly,leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayersmore."US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting,one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths,and another correlated obesity with suicides.________(48)"The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously," Oliver said.In a 1960s study,children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them,and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend?_________(49)Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students.Once again,almost no one,not even obese people,liked the obese person."Obesity was stigmatized,"the researchers said.But,researchers say,getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking,and,in the end,many succeed.Obesity is different. But,not because obese people don't care.__________(50) Genes also play a part. __________（49）
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A Trainee WaiterI was to be a trainee waiter（实习侍应生）at the restaurant. There are 50 waiters. Trainee waiters and waiters work as a team. The waiter is the front man,taking orders,chatting to the customers;the trainee,rather less glamorously,runs to the kitchen to bring up the orders and assist in serving them at the table.Although the trainee will actually do more physical work,they share the tips equally.All in all this is fair,as it must be pointed out that the senior waiter is actually responsible for keeping a running account of the bills and if he makes a mistake,or undercharges,the fine will be taken from his earnings.I reported for work at 1 1 a. m. That may sound like a relaxed time to start the day,but the hours,I was soon to learn,are hell.The last client at lunchtime may not leave until 4 p.m.,or later,and the evening shift starts at 6 p.m. What can you do in the 2 hours,especially if you don't happen to live in central London?I used to live a bit far,so once or twice,I didn't get home until 5 p.m.The trainee takes orders from the table down to the kitchen.He places the order for hot food under the nose of the chef who is shouting out orders to the cooks,while orders for cold dishes and salad go to a separate counter,and desserts are from yet another area. The kitchen is two flights of stairs away from the restaurant. The trainee then comes up to see if any more orders have been taken while the previous one is being prepared.At the same time,dishes have to be cleared or put on the table, glasses refilled,and somehow there always seems to be a new table with six or eight new orders to be filled.Hell,I rather imagine,is like the kitchen of that restraint. Yelling chefs,endless banging of pots,men with red shinning faces,and trays with loads heavy enough to break your wrists.And running. Always running. Up and down,down and up.And since everyone is running,and always with loaded trays,you need to go to the gym to keep physically strong. However,the problem is still about time.I'm totally exhausted after work,and all I want at that time is to go to bed immediately and sleep for more than 8 hours continuously.I tried to budget my time wisely,but my plan always ended with failure.Now,I become more rational.Instead of going to gym,and being worried for wasting my membership fee if I happen to have no time to go to the gym for a whole week,I walk home every day from work.It is cheap,and,what is more important,flexible.My home is only two blocks away from the restaurant,which makes it possible. Thank Goodness,the security of that district is always good, so I'm not running any risk of being robbed on my way home at night. I walk home every night only for the purpose of saving money.
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Careers for WomenIt is only seventy years since British women got the right to vote.Some people think this is the main reason why women are so under-represented in politics,trade unions and big businesses.Others feel it is simply because that they are much too busy doing other things.The old saying"a woman's place is in the home"may seem out of date to most people,but the old,fixed image of a woman as a supporting wife and caring mother is certainly still usual一one only has to watch a few television ads.In 1975 the law did not allow women to be paid less than men doing the same work.Certainly it is usually the case nowadays that women doing the same jobs as men get the same money for doing it. But generally women do not do the same jobs:they do different ones that offer lower salaries.In the United States,there are two million women entering the workforce every year. The new workers include all ages and backgrounds:teenagers,college students,young housewives,and older women who have lost their husbands.Altogether,more than half of the eighty-four million women inthe United States are now employed or seeking employment.Most of them are still holding tightly to the womanly jobs such as nursing,teaching,catering and office work jobs that can be seen as an extension of the mothering role.Although the areas women work in are almost all those of"service",a growing number of pioneers are venturing into other fields. They run business;they manage farms;they become astronauts, carpenters,lawyers,truck or taxi-drivers,coal miners,or politicians.They join the army or the navy.So far no woman has become president of the country;but that might happen,as indeed it has happened in other countries.Apart from looking after people during the day at work,women often have to take care of a family at home too,which may mean they have less energy to compete in the race for professional development. In almost every field,top positions are more likely to be filled by men. While most teachers are women,for example,most head masters are not.School cooks are women,head cooks are men and even cleaners tend to be watched over and directed by male caretakers. The heads of schools are more likely to be men.
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