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共用题干 A Very Slow RideThe surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if...
共用题干
A Very Slow Ride
The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you knew some of the things that are going on under that surface.
The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates（地壳构造板块）.The plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them. The con-tinents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about four inches per year. But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.
One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving away from each other. As the plates separate,hot magma（岩浆）flows up to fill the space. New crust （地壳）builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges. These ridges form long moun-tain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few places.
Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward each other. As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges underneath the other. This forms deep ocean trenches. The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet. This is the lowest point on the ocean floor. If the leading edges of the two colli- ding plates carry continents , then the layers of rock in the overriding plate crumple（变皱）and fold .A plate that carried what is now India collided with the southern edge of the plate that carried
Europe and most of Asia. This caused the Himalayas,the world's highest mountains.
The third reaction is transform faults（转换断层）.These faults occur where two plates that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other. Severe earthquakes can occur. The San
Andreas Fault in California is a good example of this type of movement.
A Very Slow Ride
The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you knew some of the things that are going on under that surface.
The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates（地壳构造板块）.The plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them. The con-tinents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about four inches per year. But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.
One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving away from each other. As the plates separate,hot magma（岩浆）flows up to fill the space. New crust （地壳）builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges. These ridges form long moun-tain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few places.
Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward each other. As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges underneath the other. This forms deep ocean trenches. The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet. This is the lowest point on the ocean floor. If the leading edges of the two colli- ding plates carry continents , then the layers of rock in the overriding plate crumple（变皱）and fold .A plate that carried what is now India collided with the southern edge of the plate that carried
Europe and most of Asia. This caused the Himalayas,the world's highest mountains.
The third reaction is transform faults（转换断层）.These faults occur where two plates that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other. Severe earthquakes can occur. The San
Andreas Fault in California is a good example of this type of movement.
参考答案: A
参考解析: stable这个词作为名词有“马厩、养在马厩里的一群动物”等意思。作形容词意为 “稳定的、不变的、稳固的”。文中stable应为形容词，地球表面stable，这里stable应该是“稳固的”，即steady or firm。
文章第四段讲述板块移动产生的第二种相互作用——海沟（trenches）的形成过程及影响。作者列举了两个例子来说明其影响：一是西太平洋的the Mariannas Trench off Guam，一是印度大陆板块与亚欧大陆板块相互碰撞所形成的喜马拉稚山。所以四个选项中只有B项Himalayan Mountains是海沟的影响。
文章最后一句话提到the San Andreas Fault in California是这种板块作用的很好的例子。本段在讲板块移动的最后一种相互作用——转换断层，它出现在两个朝相反方向移动的板块相互滑过之后，所以正确选项为D。
回答这个问题需要考虑全文：本文讲述了地壳板块构造的性质及板块移动所导致的三种相互作用：海脊、海沟以及转换断层。这三个例子充分说明地球表面由于板块作用而不稳固（unstable)、在不断变化（changing)，选项A正确。
通过对以上四题的分析，这个题的答案是显而易见的。这篇文章主要是有关板块移动所造成的三种影响——三种相互作用，选项A正确。
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