共用题干 第三篇The Age of being Bullied and Its EffectThe age at which kids first fall victim to bullying（欺...
第三篇
The Age of being Bullied and Its Effect
The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying（欺辱）could influence how strongly they are affected,suggests a new study.And,surprisingly,it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects,but particularly when it begins in adolescence（青春期）,the researchers say.
People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression,anxiety disorders or to behave violently.But not everyone reacts in this way.Children bullied for the first time before their adolescence seem to get over it,but those who are victimized for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and his colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin,U.S.
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence一before high school一and in late adolescence一at high school.They assessed mood and mental state,judging by signs of anxiety or depression,such as sleeplessness.The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges,such as being embarrassed or provoked.
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress.But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation,people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
The best solution was strong social support,whether from friends,family or school.Those with no one to share their problems were suffered the most.
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on,suggests Newman."They may get stressed,but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on."The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence,he concludes.Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.
参考答案: B
参考解析: 本题是细节考查题。题干是：根据这项研究，受欺辱经历开始的时间和什么相关？选A的依据是第一段第一句："The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying（欺辱） could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study.”一项新的研究表明，孩子第一次受欺辱的年龄可能影响他们受影响的强烈程度。选项A的意思是影响的强度，与原文相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：参加研究的1 500名大学生被问到他们会如何应对_____。选C的依据是第三段最后一句："The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being embarrassed or provoked.”研究小组也会向这些学生提问，询问他们在面对某些挑战，如遭遇尴尬或受到挑衅时会如何应对。选项C的意思是尴尬的情况和受挑衅的局面，与原文相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：在成年之前受到第一次欺辱的大学生会_____。选B的依据是第四段第一句：" People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress.”被欺侮过的人都显得稍微紧张一些。选项B的意思是显示出某种程度的紧张感，与原文相符。
本题是细节推理题。题干是：作者很有可能认同的一点是，当孩子被欺辱时，父母会_____。选A的依据是第五段第一句：" The best solution was strong social support, whether from friends , family or school.”最好的解决办法是加强社会支持，无论是来自朋友、家庭还是学校。该句表明“社会支持”是最好的解决办法。选项A的意思是立刻帮助并安抚他们，其中的help（帮助）和comfort（安慰）就是对孩子的支持方式，虽然原文并没有提到这些“支持”应该在什么时候提供给受伤害的小孩，但strong一词暗示给予孩子的支持越及时越好，越多越好。所以选A。
本题是细节推理题。题干是：根据纽曼的观点，为什么在青春期开始遭受欺辱的孩子受到的影响最大？选A的依据是最后一段第三句："The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system,which matures during adolescence,he concludes."他得出结论：这些影响可能与压力荷尔蒙系统的形成有关，而该系统往往在青春期成熟。选项 A的意思是他们的压力荷尔蒙系统在那时发育完全，与原文相符。
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