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共用题干 HackingPeople tend to think of computers as isolated machines,working away all by themselves.So...
共用题干
Hacking
People tend to think of computers as isolated machines,working away all by themselves.
Some do-personal computer without an outside link, like someone's hideaway（隐蔽的）cabin in the woods.But just as most of homes are tied to a community by streets,bus routes and electric lines,computers that exchange intelligence are part of a community-local,national and even global network joined by telephone connections.
The computer network is a creation of the electric age,but it is based on old-fashioned trust. It cannot work without trust. A rogue loose（为所欲为的无赖）in a computer system called hacker（黑客）is worse than a thief entering your house. He could go through anyone's electronic mail or add to,change,distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computer's memory .He could even take control of the entire system by placing his own instructions in the software that runs it.He could shut the computer down whenever he wished,and no one could stop him.Then he could program the computer to erase any sign of his ever having been there.
Hacking,our electronic- age term for computer break-in,is more and more in the news-brainy kids vandalizing university records, even pranking（胡闹）about in supposedly safeguard-ed systems.To those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century,these are not laughing matters.A potential for disaster is building:A dissatis- fled former insurance-company employee wipes out information from payroll（工资表）files. A student sends out a“virus”,a secret and destructive command,over a national network .The vi-rus copies itself at lightning speed,jamming the entire network-thousands of academic,commer-cial and government computer systems.Such disastrous cases have already occurred.Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer. Spoiling a system responsible for air-traffic control at a busy airport,or knocking out the telephones of a major city,is a relatively easy way to spread panic .Yet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses against at-tack .For one thing,such defenses are expensive;for another,they may interrupt communica- tion—the main reason for using computers in the first place. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an instance of attack by a hacker?
Hacking
People tend to think of computers as isolated machines,working away all by themselves.
Some do-personal computer without an outside link, like someone's hideaway（隐蔽的）cabin in the woods.But just as most of homes are tied to a community by streets,bus routes and electric lines,computers that exchange intelligence are part of a community-local,national and even global network joined by telephone connections.
The computer network is a creation of the electric age,but it is based on old-fashioned trust. It cannot work without trust. A rogue loose（为所欲为的无赖）in a computer system called hacker（黑客）is worse than a thief entering your house. He could go through anyone's electronic mail or add to,change,distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computer's memory .He could even take control of the entire system by placing his own instructions in the software that runs it.He could shut the computer down whenever he wished,and no one could stop him.Then he could program the computer to erase any sign of his ever having been there.
Hacking,our electronic- age term for computer break-in,is more and more in the news-brainy kids vandalizing university records, even pranking（胡闹）about in supposedly safeguard-ed systems.To those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century,these are not laughing matters.A potential for disaster is building:A dissatis- fled former insurance-company employee wipes out information from payroll（工资表）files. A student sends out a“virus”,a secret and destructive command,over a national network .The vi-rus copies itself at lightning speed,jamming the entire network-thousands of academic,commer-cial and government computer systems.Such disastrous cases have already occurred.Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer. Spoiling a system responsible for air-traffic control at a busy airport,or knocking out the telephones of a major city,is a relatively easy way to spread panic .Yet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses against at-tack .For one thing,such defenses are expensive;for another,they may interrupt communica- tion—the main reason for using computers in the first place. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an instance of attack by a hacker?
参考答案: C
参考解析: 本题问作者为什么在第二段提到“a thief”（小偷）？ 大家知道，闯入别人家偷东西的人被称为小偷，文章第二段第三句提到，黑客比小偷还厉害，还危险，故选A。
本题问短文第三段中vandalizing的意思。如果考生不认识这个词，可根据后面的叙述猜出该词的意思是“destroying”。
本题问下面的叙述哪个是错误的。第三段第一句将hacking解释为“computer break -in”，故选项A正确，选项C和D的意思下文中也提到了，根据排除法可得出选项 B是错误的，其实，根据常识我们也能判断出选项B是错误的。黑客的危害性已人所共知。
本题是细节题，给出的几个选项中有一项不是黑客攻击的情况。闯入房内偷东西显然不是真正意义上的黑客行为。此题亦可凭常识作出判断。
此题问为何很多公司或政府机构没有采取严厉的措施制止黑客行为。短文最后一段提到“such defenses are expensive ; for another , they may interrupt communication”，故选D。
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