单选题
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Text 2 Americans of a "certain age" abound at the upper levels of American governance. President...
Text 2
Americans of a "certain age" abound at the upper levels of American governance. President Trump is the most obvious example. Just over half of US senators wrll be 65 0r older by the end of this year. On the Supreme Court, five of rtine justices are over 65. These "senior citizens" make crucial decisions for the majority of Americans younger than them. Just eight decades ago, when the Social Security system began, 65 was codified as the start of "old age". Now many people of that age may feel in the prime of life.
Measured by years alone, Americans are on average getting older. A popular notion is that a war is brewing between generations - young working Americans resenting that they must pay more into SociaJ Security and Medicare to support an expanding group of older Americans. There's truth in that sentiment. I,ast year, there were 25 people over 65 for every 100 people between 18 and 64. And the worker-to-retiree ratio is projected to be even worse by 2030.
But that idea is being challenged. To begin with, programs like Social Security and Medicare can be adjusted, as ihey have in the past. while certain trends, such as Americans delaying full retirement, could alter the projections. A pair of new government reports show that funding for Medicare will run out in 2026. The Social Security trust fund will dry up by 2034. Despite these warnings, modest fixes are available, including making small changes in the age of eligibility that recognize lengthening life spans. Even that step may not be needed. By one estimate, increasing the Social Security payroll tax by 2. 88 percentage points could eliminate the expected revenue shortfall for another three-quarters of a century.
But actuarial tables, however useful for government planning, shouldn't impose artificial limits on what older Americans do. Aging isn't what it used to be. Today, 75-year-olds on average will live just as many additional years as the average 65-year-old did in 1952. Categorizing by age can be just as harmful as by gender or race. Labeling people by an age category is a receiit phenomenon. The idea of being "middle aged" wasn't popularized until after World War I. Marketing continues to classify Americans by calendar years, walling off the beneficial effects of older and younger people rubbing shoulders.
Companies are beginning to consider age diversity to be as important as racial and gender diversity. Some observers suggest businesses try the "shoe test": Look under desks. If everyone's wearing the same kind of shoes - whether wingtips or slipper - the business would benefit from more diversity.
Today, suggests one expert, Americans have an opportunity to make a "fresh map of life itself", throwing off outworn ideas about aging. Policies that encourage older Americans to expand the possibilities of their "senior years" will help change limited perceptions and benefit all of society.
29. By suggesting "shoe test", observers advise companies to
Americans of a "certain age" abound at the upper levels of American governance. President Trump is the most obvious example. Just over half of US senators wrll be 65 0r older by the end of this year. On the Supreme Court, five of rtine justices are over 65. These "senior citizens" make crucial decisions for the majority of Americans younger than them. Just eight decades ago, when the Social Security system began, 65 was codified as the start of "old age". Now many people of that age may feel in the prime of life.
Measured by years alone, Americans are on average getting older. A popular notion is that a war is brewing between generations - young working Americans resenting that they must pay more into SociaJ Security and Medicare to support an expanding group of older Americans. There's truth in that sentiment. I,ast year, there were 25 people over 65 for every 100 people between 18 and 64. And the worker-to-retiree ratio is projected to be even worse by 2030.
But that idea is being challenged. To begin with, programs like Social Security and Medicare can be adjusted, as ihey have in the past. while certain trends, such as Americans delaying full retirement, could alter the projections. A pair of new government reports show that funding for Medicare will run out in 2026. The Social Security trust fund will dry up by 2034. Despite these warnings, modest fixes are available, including making small changes in the age of eligibility that recognize lengthening life spans. Even that step may not be needed. By one estimate, increasing the Social Security payroll tax by 2. 88 percentage points could eliminate the expected revenue shortfall for another three-quarters of a century.
But actuarial tables, however useful for government planning, shouldn't impose artificial limits on what older Americans do. Aging isn't what it used to be. Today, 75-year-olds on average will live just as many additional years as the average 65-year-old did in 1952. Categorizing by age can be just as harmful as by gender or race. Labeling people by an age category is a receiit phenomenon. The idea of being "middle aged" wasn't popularized until after World War I. Marketing continues to classify Americans by calendar years, walling off the beneficial effects of older and younger people rubbing shoulders.
Companies are beginning to consider age diversity to be as important as racial and gender diversity. Some observers suggest businesses try the "shoe test": Look under desks. If everyone's wearing the same kind of shoes - whether wingtips or slipper - the business would benefit from more diversity.
Today, suggests one expert, Americans have an opportunity to make a "fresh map of life itself", throwing off outworn ideas about aging. Policies that encourage older Americans to expand the possibilities of their "senior years" will help change limited perceptions and benefit all of society.
29. By suggesting "shoe test", observers advise companies to
参考答案: D
参考解析: [信息锁定]根据题干关键词shoe test锁定第五段。该段首句指出公司开始重视年龄多样性,②③句随即介绍观察者建议:尝试“鞋子测试”,如果发现桌下每个人都穿着同一种鞋,那么公司将从更加多样化中受益。可以推测,此处“穿某一类鞋”代表“某一年龄层”,测试意在建议公司改变员工年龄单一化、促进年龄多样性,D.正确。[解题技巧] A.错误理解第四段④句:“按照年龄对人群进行划分(Categorizing by age)”并非指“给不同年纪的人分配不同任务”。B.符合文中大方向“公司应积极雇佣年长者”,但并非上下文提及内容。C.干扰源自第四段⑦句older and younger people rubbing shoulders暗含的“合作”之意,却漏掉了其中最为关键的信息“年轻人和老年人之间(的合作)”。