参考解析: 1. C银行拒绝付款的理由不成立。（1分）根据规定，票据债务人原则上不得以自己与出票人或者与持票人的前手之间的抗辩事由，对抗持票人。（票据抗辩的切断）（1分）
The reason for Bank C's refusal to pay is invalid. (1 point) According to the law, a person liable for a negotiable instrument may not set up against the holder such defenses that are available as between himself and the drawer or between himself and the holder's prior party or parties. (Bills defense off)
The reason of company A is invalid. (1 point) According to the law, the sum and expenses for the recourse: ① the sum payable by the bill of exchange dishonored; ② interest, calculated at the rate prescribed by the People's Bank of China, on the sum payable by the bill of exchange, from the date of maturity or from the date of presentment for payment to the date of payment; and ③ the expenses for obtaining relevant evidence of dishonor and for dispatching notices. Therefore, it is reasonable in this question that the amount of recourse exceeds the amount of the draft. (1 point)
The reason of company B is invalid. (0.5 point) According to the law, the holder shall, within three days after receiving the relevant evidence of non - acceptance or non - payment, notify his prior parties in writing of the fact of dishonor. In case of failure to do what is stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the holder may still exercise the right of recourse. Where losses are caused to the prior parties or the drawee by delayed notice, the party to the bill of exchange failing to notify the relevant parties within the prescribed time limit shall be liable for compensation of the losses, but the damages shall be limited to the sum payable by the bill. In this question, although Company F did not issue a notice of recourse within the prescribed time limit, it can still exercise recourse.
The reason of company D is valid. (0.5 point) According to the law, where an endorser writes "non - negotiable" on a bill of exchange and his subsequent party negotiates it by endorsement, the endorser shall not bear responsibility for guaranty to the endorsee of the said subsequent party. In this question, Company D transfers the bill of exchange endorsement to Company E, and writes "non - negotiable". However, Company E has transferred the bill of exchange endorsement to Company F, so the original endorser D is not reliable. (1.5 points)
The reason of company D is valid. A person liable for a negotiable instrument may set up defenses against the holder who has a direct creditor - debtor relationship with him and does not perform the obligations agreed upon. The direct creditor-debt relationship exists between company E and company F. If company F fails to fulfill its contractual obligations, company E (the person liable for a negotiable instrument) can refuse the payment. (1 point)
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