新题型精练

题量:16题
题型:单选题
试卷简介: 新题型精练, 此试卷为参加"英语一"的考生提供的"新题型精练"的答案和解析。

试题预览

1 单选题 1分
Over the course of the past three decades,the A has become the most common grade given out on Amerrcan college campuses.In 2015,42 percent of grades were top marks,compared to 31 percent in 1988.1.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise grade-point averages.Different schools'policies can work in slightly different ways,but in general,grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.(Both grades still appear on the student's transcript.)The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.According to a forthcoming survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,a trade group,some 91 percent of undergraduate colleges and 80 percent of graduate and professional schools permit students to repeat courses to improve a grade.2.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.3.Indeed,there seems to be demand for do-overs."Students are asking for it,"said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar and executive director of enrollment services."We're attracting and retaining stronger students and there's more competition to get into majors and graduate schools,and a small change in their GPA can help."College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,"Ohio State's Miner said,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the contenl that allows them to graduate on time."That said,there i.s a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well.4.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-who,at the end of the day,are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a betler value for their tuition dollars.which i.s another big concern for colleges.Indeed.grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers'expectations for higher education.5.On this,students'and colleges'incentives seem to be aligned.
1选?
  • A.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a seconcl chance io take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.
  • B.This lrend of grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.
  • C.This.trend of the dominance of the A began in the 1960s,abated somewhat in the'70s and came back strong in the'80s.The previous signs of academic disaster.
  • D. and F,went by the wayside in the Vietnam era,when dropping out meant becoming eligible for the draft.
2 单选题 1分
If you look for the most visited websites in the world,what you find is a list of sites owned by western corporalions,confirmation of the degree to which the web has been capturecl by the corporate world.1.The idea that a significant encyclopedia could be created by allowing anyone to create pages on any topic seemed pretty improbable way back in 2001 when it was introduced by Jimmy Wales.That it could have evolved into the world's leading general reference work-and the fifth most visited website on the planet-is truly extraordinary.Since its establishment,it's been the butt of jokes,a focus for academic anger.2.Indeed,in specialist areas,Wikipedia pages are often written by experts and are usually the best places to gain an informed and up-to-date overview.Because Wikipedia is so vast and varied,the controversies it engenders have traditionally been about its content and rarely about its governance,which is a pity,because in some ways this is the most significant aspect of the project.3.Wikipedia's governance is a clever mix of technology,norms and processes.It started with the wiki technology invented by Ward Cunningham,which allowed anyone to write and publish live web pages,together with an acceptance that while"truth"might be unattainable,nevertheless achieving what it called"a neutral point of vrew"was a worthwhile aspiration.4.From the beginning,Wikipedia had a core of volunteer editors who shared common values and some substantive expertise.And sitting atop this structure was a founder,Jimmy Wales,who operated as a kind of benevolent dictator and an arbiter of last resort.From a contemporary perspective,though,the most significant design decision was that every page would have a public discussion page attached to it,which meant that there would be a record of all the arguments that had led to particular changes.Reading Wikipedia discussion pages provides a way of understanding how a particular proposition or assertion came to be made and how it evolved over time.5.But in a polarised political climate,it shows what can be done to preserve us from the madness of hysterical,uncivil,conspiracist discourse that now characterises social media.Which,among other things,explains why Susan Wojcicki.YouTube's CEO,recently announced that the video site will henceforth use excerpts from Wikipedia to counteract videos romoting conspiracy theories.This,wrote one commentator,"is,at first glance,odd.A megacorporation with billions of dollars and thousands of brilliant employees is...relying on a volunteer-run platform anyone can edit to fact-check information?"It is odd.But it's also a validation of Wikipedia's mission and a reminder of its importance.
2选?
  • A.There were no gatekeepers-anyone could create a page on any subject-but the technology,which enabled rapid reversion to a pre-edited version,provided an effective antidote to vandalism.
  • B.The political events of the last two years should have alerted us to the fact that Wikipedia had to invent a way of tackling the problem that now confronts us at a global level:how to get at some approximation to the truih.
  • C.Mainiaining"the neutral point of view"is relatively easy when writing about science topics or otherwise objectively verifiable subjects.But in other topics,such as politics and hisiory,bias and controversy inevitably arise.
  • D.There is,however,one single ray of light in this depressing list.For there,in fifth place.is the antithesis to all of that:a site that embodies the potential of the internet to harness the collective intelligence of humanity-Wikipedia.
  • E.In June 2006,Roy Rosenzweig,a professor specializing in American history,stated that Wikipedia often fails to distinguish important from trivial details,and does not provide the best references.He also complained about Wikipedia's lack of"persuasive analysis and interpretations,and clear and engaging prose".
  • F.There was one moment when the vice-chancellor of a top university made a dismissive remark about Wikipedia,only to have a world-teading chemist in the audience icily retort that the pages on his speciality were the most up-to-date summary currently available anywhere-because he wrote them.
  • G.It's like reading the transcript of an argument that has gone on for a long time-an attempt to track rationality in action.Like every other human-made thing,it s imperfect.
3 单选题 1分
If you look for the most visited websites in the world,what you find is a list of sites owned by western corporalions,confirmation of the degree to which the web has been capturecl by the corporate world.1.The idea that a significant encyclopedia could be created by allowing anyone to create pages on any topic seemed pretty improbable way back in 2001 when it was introduced by Jimmy Wales.That it could have evolved into the world's leading general reference work-and the fifth most visited website on the planet-is truly extraordinary.Since its establishment,it's been the butt of jokes,a focus for academic anger.2.Indeed,in specialist areas,Wikipedia pages are often written by experts and are usually the best places to gain an informed and up-to-date overview.Because Wikipedia is so vast and varied,the controversies it engenders have traditionally been about its content and rarely about its governance,which is a pity,because in some ways this is the most significant aspect of the project.3.Wikipedia's governance is a clever mix of technology,norms and processes.It started with the wiki technology invented by Ward Cunningham,which allowed anyone to write and publish live web pages,together with an acceptance that while"truth"might be unattainable,nevertheless achieving what it called"a neutral point of vrew"was a worthwhile aspiration.4.From the beginning,Wikipedia had a core of volunteer editors who shared common values and some substantive expertise.And sitting atop this structure was a founder,Jimmy Wales,who operated as a kind of benevolent dictator and an arbiter of last resort.From a contemporary perspective,though,the most significant design decision was that every page would have a public discussion page attached to it,which meant that there would be a record of all the arguments that had led to particular changes.Reading Wikipedia discussion pages provides a way of understanding how a particular proposition or assertion came to be made and how it evolved over time.5.But in a polarised political climate,it shows what can be done to preserve us from the madness of hysterical,uncivil,conspiracist discourse that now characterises social media.Which,among other things,explains why Susan Wojcicki.YouTube's CEO,recently announced that the video site will henceforth use excerpts from Wikipedia to counteract videos romoting conspiracy theories.This,wrote one commentator,"is,at first glance,odd.A megacorporation with billions of dollars and thousands of brilliant employees is...relying on a volunteer-run platform anyone can edit to fact-check information?"It is odd.But it's also a validation of Wikipedia's mission and a reminder of its importance.
1选?
  • A.There were no gatekeepers-anyone could create a page on any subject-but the technology,which enabled rapid reversion to a pre-edited version,provided an effective antidote to vandalism.
  • B.The political events of the last two years should have alerted us to the fact that Wikipedia had to invent a way of tackling the problem that now confronts us at a global level:how to get at some approximation to the truih.
  • C.Mainiaining"the neutral point of view"is relatively easy when writing about science topics or otherwise objectively verifiable subjects.But in other topics,such as politics and hisiory,bias and controversy inevitably arise.
  • D.There is,however,one single ray of light in this depressing list.For there,in fifth place.is the antithesis to all of that:a site that embodies the potential of the internet to harness the collective intelligence of humanity-Wikipedia.
  • E.In June 2006,Roy Rosenzweig,a professor specializing in American history,stated that Wikipedia often fails to distinguish important from trivial details,and does not provide the best references.He also complained about Wikipedia's lack of"persuasive analysis and interpretations,and clear and engaging prose".
  • F.There was one moment when the vice-chancellor of a top university made a dismissive remark about Wikipedia,only to have a world-teading chemist in the audience icily retort that the pages on his speciality were the most up-to-date summary currently available anywhere-because he wrote them.
  • G.It's like reading the transcript of an argument that has gone on for a long time-an attempt to track rationality in action.Like every other human-made thing,it s imperfect.
4 单选题 1分
Over the course of the past three decades,the A has become the most common grade given out on Amerrcan college campuses.In 2015,42 percent of grades were top marks,compared to 31 percent in 1988.1.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise grade-point averages.Different schools'policies can work in slightly different ways,but in general,grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.(Both grades still appear on the student's transcript.)The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.According to a forthcoming survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,a trade group,some 91 percent of undergraduate colleges and 80 percent of graduate and professional schools permit students to repeat courses to improve a grade.2.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.3.Indeed,there seems to be demand for do-overs."Students are asking for it,"said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar and executive director of enrollment services."We're attracting and retaining stronger students and there's more competition to get into majors and graduate schools,and a small change in their GPA can help."College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,"Ohio State's Miner said,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the contenl that allows them to graduate on time."That said,there i.s a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well.4.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-who,at the end of the day,are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a betler value for their tuition dollars.which i.s another big concern for colleges.Indeed.grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers'expectations for higher education.5.On this,students'and colleges'incentives seem to be aligned.
2选?
  • A.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a seconcl chance io take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.
  • B.This lrend of grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.
  • C.This.trend of the dominance of the A began in the 1960s,abated somewhat in the'70s and came back strong in the'80s.The previous signs of academic disaster.
  • D. and F,went by the wayside in the Vietnam era,when dropping out meant becoming eligible for the draft.