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第三篇Small but WiseOn December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be- fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,awayfrom the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be- comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob- jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs__________.
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I'll Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of clas-sical music .It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can't_____(51) the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S.Bach(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States,when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having____(52)thinking of new melodies,so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not_____(53)to listen to. What did Cope do?He began to rethink how human beings compose music .He realized that composers,brains_____(54)like big databases. First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take_____（55)the music that they dislike.Finally,they make new music from what is_______(56).According to Cope,only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it,and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a_____(57)database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach .The software analyzed the data:it______(58)it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the______(59)into new patterns. Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren't good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do—he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software. Soon it could______(60)more complex music.He also added many other com-posers,including his own work to the database.A few years later,Cope's computer program,called“Emmy”,was ready to help him with his opera. The______(61)required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the______(62)that he liked.With Emmy,the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling,and it was a great _____(63)!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly _____(64)he had composed the work.Since that first opera,Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music,_____(65)she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days! 53._________
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The Greatest Mystery of WhalesThe whale is a warm-blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them-and, like all mammals,originated on land.There are many______(51)of this.Its front flippers（鳍状肢）, used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.Immense strength is______(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated______(53) 400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the ______(54)of eight knot（节）.An angry whale will______(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, ______(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships have______( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way.Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.The greatest______(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his______( 59 ) food , the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet, where the______(60)is 1,400 pounds to a square inch.Doing so he will______(61) underwater as long as one hour.Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough______(62) (all whales are air-breathed)and tolerating thern great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not______(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special ______(64)of blood vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oi1 in his head is some sort of a compensating mechanism that______(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work. 60._________
