共用题干
Owls and LarksHowever,if you are having problems getting to sleep at night,it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine（尼古丁) , do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log,whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However,the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening,and if you drink coffee before a nap,remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in. Parents with very young children tend to______.

参考答案: D

参考解析: 段落中含有明显段落主题词sleep“睡眠”，因此B（包含sleep一词）,D（包含 sleep一词）和F(F中的asleep“睡着的”与sleep“睡眠”意义呼应）可能是答案。比较这几个选项：B项“我们需要多少睡眠？”,D项“为什么我们需要睡觉？”, F项“什么帮助我们入睡？”。段落开头部分（段落第三句）直接提出问题“我们为什么需要睡觉呢？”接下来的句子对这个问题进行了回答：我们需要睡觉来使大脑有机会重建白天存储的记忆并把这些记忆和以前所学的东西联系起来。如果睡眠过程被打断，就不能进行有效的记忆存储。由此可见该段主要是在讨论和分析“我们为什么需要睡觉”这个问题，因此答案D项。
段落中没有出现明显的段落主题词。段首陈述了一种普遍存在的观念，但是作者认为这是错误的看法：人们天生是云雀（早起的人）或是猫头鹰（晚睡的人）。接下来分析原因，解释为什么这样的看法不正确：究竟人们是早起的人还是晚睡的人主要与生活方式，年纪和个性相关。接下来的句子是以生活习惯为例进行进一步的分析。由此可见该段主要内容是在讨论和分析“造成人们早起或晚睡的原因”，因此答案为E项。
段落中反复提到owl和lark，因此这两个词可能是该段主题词，因此选项C 可能是答案。从整个段落的内容来看，段落一开始分析了为什么有的人习惯晚睡，接下来对比分析了为什么有的人习惯早起，接下来提出问题：是早起好还是晚睡好？ 对于这个问题作者没有直接进行回答，而是提出“根据自己的工作，娱乐过着充实的生活而且有充足的睡眠让你的精力充沛才是关键”，由此可见整个段落主要围绕“是早起好还是晚睡好？”这个问题展 开进行讨论，因此答案为C项。
在段落前面部分nap“午睡”一词反复出现，段落开头部分是关于nap的建议：失眠专家建议不要午睡。段落后面部分也提出了一些建议：不要喝很多酒，不要抽烟，不要喝咖啡。由此可见整个段落在讲述为了获得良好的睡眠应该注意避免的事物。因此答案为 A项“我们应该避免什么？”
题干意为“睡眠帮助大脑……”。利用题干中的细节信息词sleep和brain作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep.But why do we need sleep in the first place?We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things.If this process is interrupted by, say,the sound of an alarm clock,it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock,how damaging is it?The truth is that it's difficult to predict,as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion．定位线索词集中出现在第一段第四句中，该句意为“我们需要通过睡眠来帮助大脑有机会重建在白天存储的记忆”。由此可知答案为F项“重建在白天存储的记忆”。
题干意为“要照顾小孩子的父母往往……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语parents, very young children作为定位线索，在第二段找到相关句：The popular belief that people are naturally either larks(early risers)or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle,age,and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit,for example,parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning．定位线索词集中出现在第二段倒数第二句中，该句意为“很多早起的人之所以早起是因为习惯，例如，要照顾小孩子的父母”。由此可知要照顾小孩子的父母习惯早起，因此D项“起得很早”是答案。
题干意为“一种好的生活方式意味着一个人会……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语a good lifestyle作为定位线索，在短文第三段中找到相关句：The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book,movie,or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion.On the other hand,larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learn-ing一an owl's or a lark's lifestyle?The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life（与a good lifestyle呼应）in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret．定位线索词出现在第三段最后一句，斌句提到“过一种兼顾工作和娱乐的均衡生活，让充足的睡眠为你带来充沛的精力是关键”。由此可知兼顾工作和娱乐的均衡生活，即拥有一种好的生活方式意味着有带来充沛精力的充足睡眠，因此该题答案为A项“睡眠充足以获得充沛的精力”。
题干意为“忠告大多数人……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语good advice和 most people作为定位线索，在最后一段中找到相关句：As for naps, experts on insomnia（失眠）argue against taking naps,as these may keep people up at night.If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night,it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours.However,if you are having problems get-ting to sleep at night,it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine（尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleep-ing like a log,whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice（与good advice呼应）for most（与most people呼应）is to avoid it in the evening,and if you drink coffee before a nap,remember you ar