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考试试题
[单选题]Passage Four
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends. neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote thatwidows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death whether illness, accident or self-harm. Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the
University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Evenso, the odds favour manage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chanceof depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress. better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live t0 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected. "
40. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[单选题]Throughout the ages, there is no one but wishes to get somewhere. However, only a few can climb to the top and be admired by the worlD. What may surprise us is that most of the successful people do not make successes by doing great things,59.
Just as the saying goes, "If you.cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. " 60, one does not necessarily become a great man, but he can still be successful and win respect from others by doing common jobs in a perfect way. Actually, history abounds with examples to prove this saying. The late CEO of the Apple Corporation, Steve Jobs, was a case of point. He was so addicted to details that he could not stop pushing his staff to pursue perfection in design and production. 61 that Apple makes great success in the mobile field, producing products that are not only innovative, but also superior.
[单选题]If you try to contact Indy Cube (a provider of workspaces) after 5 pm, you receive an automatic Message that would make a good demonstration for the fast-growing four-day week movement. “We’ll get back to you pretty quickly during working hours, ”it says “If you’re messaging us outside of these, we’re probably busy with other things like horse-riding, dancing, or good sleep.”
The firm is one of a growing number of employers giving their workers an extra day off for the same pay as a five-day week. There is emerging evidence that it can boost productivity for bosses and happiness for workers. (第41题答案)
And it is not ust Ssma l businesses that might be spotting a chance to little money by turning the light of one day a week. One of the biggest organizations to make the switch is Perpetual Guardian whose shift has generated huge globe interest. with 406 organizations from around the world asking it for advice.
“This week we have had people contact us from Japan, Canada, the UK, France Switzerland. said its founder Andrew Barnes. The day off that each worker takes varies depending on the teams needs at the time, but there has been a change in culture with "less time surfing on social media and fewer unnecessary meetings. Said Barnes .(42题答案)However, Kate Cooper, policy director at the Institute of Leadership and Management argues the reasons behind increases in productivity are not yet clear. Cooper said that the Hawthorne effect, may be in play, that is, people change their behavior simply because they feel they are being observed, in this case they feel that by being granted a four-day week they believe their bosses are interested in their work.“How sustainable is that?" Cooper doubts. Comment 1
I don' t exactly disagree with a 4-day week as long as I still have the option to work 5 days and get more money for it.
Comment 2
Middle class conception of work-life balance. It's an interesting idea, but so much needs to happen in the uk before this becomes an option for the majority.
Comment 3
True for all these reasons. And I feel there is actually great reason: the environment we need to be producing less stuff in order to reduce the stress on our planet.
Comment 4
I thought this was supposed to be here 20 years ago with the advances in technology.
Comment 5
3 days off a week? Preparing for 7 days off a week. 45、Which of the following expresses the greatest concern about the four-day week?
[单选题]We have a crisis on our hands.You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of
reading.People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young.Who's responsible? Actually, it's more
like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it – Facebook, Twitter (微
博).You can write your own list.
There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time.In the 20th
century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world.
None did.Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished.The world is more literate than
ever before – there are more and more readers, and more and more books.
The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over.
The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading
and for writing.Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example.Devices like Kindle make reading more
convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.
As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible.Interconnectivity
allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before.Where traditional books
had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number
of links: to texts, pictures, and videos.In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy
will resemble nothing seen in the past.
On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization.One Twitter group is offering its followers
single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels.War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking.We
should fear the fragmentation of reading.There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet
will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires
deep concentration.
In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to
focus and understand what is happening to us.This has always been the function of literature and we should
be careful not to let it disappear.Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in
tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.
In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact
on civilization.Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing.We should remember this
before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.
Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?
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