An early version of one of W. Edward Deming's 14 points encouraged companies to “cease dependence on...

An early version of one of W. Edward Deming's 14 points encouraged companies to “cease dependence on mass inspection by building quality into the product in the first place”. Deming stated that, typically, products are inspected as they come off the line or at major stages. Defective products are either thrown out or reworked. Both options are expensive. This approach, in effect, meant that companies would pay workers to make defects and then correct them. Denting later recognized the value of inspections and revised the point to say that people should “understand the purpose of inspection. ” He said, “Inspections must be carried out in a professional way, not by lick-spit methods. ” This supports the PMBOK, which indicates that inspections can be used to determine whether results conform to requirements. Inspections also may be called ______ .